beluga whale knee. Long ago, scientists and sailors gave beluga whales the nickname "sea canaries," due to the birdlike sounds these whales make. beluga whale knee

 
 Long ago, scientists and sailors gave beluga whales the nickname "sea canaries," due to the birdlike sounds these whales makebeluga whale knee  Beluga whales are easily recognizable by their pure white skin, which gives them the nickname “sea canaries

No, beluga whales are not endangered nowadays, but they are at high risk of being so. But two or three box jellyfish might be able to. Photograph by Nansen Weber,. Have you seen them before with knee like outline on th. The protected species, usually found in cold. “It’s like if you took 50-percent beluga and 50-percent narwhal and shoved their teeth in a blender, that’s. Also known as "sea canaries," belugas are one of the most the most vocal of all whales. It is one of two extant species of the family Monodontidae (Gray, 1821), literally meaning “one tooth. The far-flung beluga was last sighted on Oct. 9k. They squeal, squeak, and chirp, which is why sailors long ago called them “sea canaries. The temperature of the oceans is warming. Drone footage captured a beluga whale off the coast of San Diego, thousands of miles from its native range. This unique anatomical feature is certainly an arresting. 376 Like. COSEWIC assessment summary Assessment summary – November 2020. Because of the high pitch of some of the calls they make, these sounds travel short distances. The endangered Cook Inlet beluga whale population declined by nearly 80 percent between 1979 and 2018, from about 1,300 whales to an estimated 279 whales. Beluga whales are incredibly sensitive to noise. 2 and became stuck in the French waterway died following efforts to save the animal. Because for different software, rigging and animation may have different problems. Dr. They are: Ferdinand (the oldest beluga whale at. A beluga whale surfaces in front of a scrap-car barge in Tacoma's Commencement Bay on Oct. uk Beluga whales aren't hiding legs under their thick, rubbery skin. Female beluga whales travel in a separate pod to raise and care for the young. 1. ” The other member of this family is the narwhal (Monodon monoceros, Linnaeus, 1758) for. The Eastern Chukchi Sea and Eastern Beaufort Sea beluga populations (“Chukchi” and “Beaufort” populations) return each summer to the nearshore regions of Kasegaluk Lagoon in. and the females being 9. 1. . The rapid decline and dire status of the Cook Inlet beluga whale population makes it a priority for NOAA Fisheries and its partners to promote recovery to prevent extinction. A Perfect Day For Whale Watching From Tadoussac Quebec. 1. The Snail and the Whale – Julia Donaldson, author of the famous book The Gruffalo, brings kids another fun book about an unlikely set of friends. August 22, 2022. 4 metric tons) on average. "Beluga whales exhibit a wide range of grouping patterns from small groups of two to 10 individuals to large herds of 2,000 or more, from apparently single sex and age-class pods to mixed-age and. The Western Hudson Bay belugas in the Churchill River estuary appear to be attracted to boats, resulting in whale-watching being a popular tourism activity for the area. 8 to 13. “We are so proud of Whisper and overjoyed to. Beluga whales are going extinct because of many human-caused environmental issues. The Beluga whale swims in the lock of Notre Dame de la Garenne prior to be moved, in Saint-Pierre-la-Garenne, west of Paris, France, Tuesday, Aug. Sat 6 Aug 2022 13. Belugas are extremely sociable mammals that live, hunt and migrate together in pods, ranging from a few individuals to hundreds of whales. These adaptations include the presence of two hindlimbs, which. Commercial whaling has occurred periodically in Cook Inlet during the last 100 years. 2-15. '. Belugas are small whales, measuring up to 15 feet long with a maximum weight of 3,000 pounds. Hundreds ordered out of flats immediately because building's at. Females of the species weigh between 1,500 and 2,000 pounds. Beluga whales can live up to 50 years old. Beluga, a small, toothed whale found mainly in the coastal waters of the Arctic Ocean and adjacent seas but also in rivers and deep offshore waters. Instead, they have a distinctive low hump on their back. 27. A beluga whale stranded in the river Seine in northern France for more than a week was removed from the water early Wednesday in the first stage of an ambitious rescue operation to return it to. Confirmed Cook Inlet beluga whale stranding events reported by month, 2009-2021. 1 ft. Unlike most other whales, the beluga has a very flexible neck that enables it to nod and turn its head in all directions. Biologists say whales such as these could just be strays, exploring beyond their normal range. Beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) are odentocetes cetaceans or toothed whales, in the family of Monodontidae which they share with only one other member, the narwhal (Monodon monoceros). As opportunities to hunt belugas become scarce, young people are losing interest and so their infrequent attempts are clumsy at best. Little Grey and Little White are now being looked after at the world's first open water sanctuary for. Hvaldimir. When the Minnesota Zoo opened its doors the following year, the whale duo was the. Beluga whales reach full size at about 10 years. They also have a ridge on their back instead of a dorsal fin, and a thick layer of blubber. The beluga whale’s closest living relative is the. Beluga whales do not have dorsal fins, this minimizes their surface area which allows them to conserve more heat in the cold arctic waters. Decimated by heavy hunting that ended in 1979, it has not shown signs of recovery despite an absence of predators and conservation measures adopted in its favour. After nearly six. Belugas can dive to depths of almost 1,000. In fact they share the colder northern waters with two bona fide apex predators in polar bears and killer whales. m. Beluga Whale Conservation Length: 0:59 min. Press into your feet,. - beluga whale stock pictures, royalty-free photos & images beluga whale. The covert cetacean. Average Length: 2. They make terrible caviar. Specifically, we randomly select images from the Beluga-5k dataset, manually go through a few selected single-individual images, and annotate whale beluga boxes for the initial phase. Q&A. . We did whale watching in many places – California, British Columbia and the Azores in Portugal. One beluga in Alaska was spotted 1000km inland, swimming up. Try to forget everything you know about human naivete and marine biology and. To report a sighting of the beluga, call the Whale Sighting Network at (360) 331-3543 or toll-free at (866) ORCANET (672-2638); or you can email info@orcanetwork. A dangerously thin beluga whale found in the River Seine is refusing food amid fears it could starve to death. Knees in beluga whales serve a different purpose than in land mammals. Wetsuit and full. Environmentalists will try to move a dangerously thin beluga whale that strayed into the River Seine last week in a final attempt to save its life. Arms lay down by your sides. Do Beluga Whales Have Knees? Have you ever wondered why beluga whales can appear to have knees? Well, in this video we’ll break down exactly what. Many of them were born via the company’s sordid. Beluga whales are called the canaries of the sea because of the songs they sing in order to communicate with each other, find food and figure out where they are under water. President Rich German told NPR in a phone interview that OneWhale's short-term goal is to protect Hvaldimir, "whose. The absence of pigmentation in their skin helps them blend into their icy surroundings. The male is bigger than the female. A beluga whale — a suspected Russian spy — has reappeared after four years. This initiative is a concerted, agency-wide effort launched in 2015 to spotlight and save the most highly at-risk marine species. 3. So, let’s set the record straight: beluga whales do not have knees. Beautiful and expressive, beluga whales are known as the canaries of the sea. Please – if you see a beluga whale, immediately call Seal Sitters hotline at 206-905-SEAL (206-905-7325). "Maybe because dolphins are like a 3-year-old child — they don't have. Adults grow to be 11–15 feet long. It may have thick folds of blubber, especially along its ventral surface. Size: Larger than the size of a dolphin but smaller than a true whale, the average length of the adult beluga is 9. The rapid decline and dire status of the Cook Inlet beluga whale population makes it a priority for NOAA Fisheries and its partners to promote recovery to prevent extinction. In the U. These fat pads are essential to the beluga whale’s anatomy, serving multiple purposes. Live stranding event locations and kernel density of dead stranded Cook Inlet beluga whales reportedA beluga whale that was rescued after being stuck in France’s Seine River for more than a week died while in transit to the sea, officials have confirmed. . They also have a dorsal ridge atop their backs to help navigate through the bitterly cold, choppy waters of the Arctic. 2. Based on maximum size, it is the third-most-massive living species of. SeaWorld Forces Beluga Whales to Breed and Give Birth in Bathtubs. In this August, 2009, file photo provided by the Department of Defense, a Cook Inlet beluga whale calf, left, and an adult breach near. First discovered in Norway. Friedman 2 of 14 populations range from 2-10 individuals to hundreds and thousands of individuals. It was assumed that. Social animals that live in the Arctic, belugas use their keen sense of hearing to communicate over long distances, find prey, and elude crafty. Dozens of beluga whales have died at SeaWorld’s cruel abuse ment parks, including an infant who died just moments after being born in 2017. . French authorities were planning on Saturday to give vitamins to a beluga whale that swam way up the Seine, as they raced to save the malnourished cetacean that is. to 70 lbs. Sitting tall, legs out long, we bend one knee up. The beluga whale has 30-40 homodont (of similar size and shape), conical teeth. Nicknamed “sea canaries,” these extremely vocal mammals make various noises, ranging from high-pitched whistles to low, repetitive grunts. The beluga is a small, toothed whale of the Monodontidae family, found in the northern hemisphere and adapted to Arctic and subarctic conditions. French authorities were planning on Saturday to give vitamins to a beluga whale that swam way up the Seine, as they raced to save the malnourished cetacean that is. org. A beluga whale found off Norway's coast wearing a special Russian harness was probably trained by the Russian navy, a Norwegian expert says. In spring, they return to their northern feeding areas when the ice breaks up In summer, they are often found near river mouths, and sometimes even venture up river. Group size within these . The sequence of clicks speeds up as the beluga gets closer to its prey, and often ends with a burst of clicks—a foraging buzz. Adapting to life among sea ice, belugas are all white in color. The whales will be leaving an overcrowded habitat with about 50 other whales and will be at the center. After a busy few days in the Saguenay region in Quebec, we headed back down to the St Lawrence River for whale watching from Tadoussac in Quebec. It also has a relatively “small” mouth with a series of 8 to 9 teeth in each jaw. In autumn, they move south as the ice forms in the Arctic. It means that beluga. I think I understand why they were mistaken as mermaids now. The aquarium imported five whales from a facility in Canada in May 2021. The beluga whale’s adult size is somewhere between a dolphin and a true whale. Beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) are social animals that return to the same estuaries each summer season. The beluga (/ b ə ˈ l uː ɡ ə /), also known as the beluga sturgeon or great sturgeon (Huso huso), is a species of anadromous fish in the sturgeon family (Acipenseridae) of order Acipenseriformes. A beluga whale seen as it swims next to a fishing boat before Norwegian fishermen removed the tight harness, swimming off the northern Norwegian coast Friday, April 26, 2019. Belugas have long been a source of fascination for many, due to their unique white colouring and lack of a dorsal fin. 5 to 6 m long (8. Belugas are extremely sociable mammals that live, hunt and migrate together in pods, ranging from a few individuals to hundreds of. Reports of adult. Just look at that form 🙄😨😰 WEIRDDDD. ” Of the five Alaskan stocks, the Cook Inlet beluga stock is the smallest and most isolated from other beluga whales. Why Visit: Opportunity to hand-feed a beluga whale; There are 3 Beluga Whales in Sea World San Diego. 5 to 22 feet. Beluga whales travel at an average speed of 2-6 mph (3 to 9 km/h) and are capable of short bursts of speed up to 14 mph (22 km/h). Their musical vocalisations are so exuberant. The rapid decline and dire status of the Cook Inlet beluga whale population makes it a priority for NOAA Fisheries and its partners to promote recovery to prevent extinction. One beluga in Alaska was spotted 1000km inland, swimming up. Since Friday, the whale has been between two locks some 70 kilometres (44 miles) north of the French capital. The beluga’s scientific name is Delphinapterus leucas which translates to ‘dolphin without a fin’. Image from Flickr. Contrary to the name, beluga caviar actually comes from a sturgeon fish. ”. $35. Description. Fully mature male beluga whales typically weigh between 2,000 and 3,000 pounds. For beluga whales, recent cooperative research has provided deeper insights into the relative distribution, movements, and behavior of two distinct populations. A beluga whale that strayed into the River Seine and began swimming in the direction of Paris has died during an ambitious rescue effort intended to help it back to its traditional cold Arctic waters. 3 Kayaking with Belugas Whales. 8 m) long and weigh an average of 3,150 pounds (1. And without a dorsal fin, a beluga can more easily swim beneath extensive. Geo resource failed to load. A beluga whale seen living in the River Thames for three months last year has almost certainly headed home, according to the Port of London Authority (PLA). Adults are white except for the margins of flippers and tail flukes. Belugas are also called white whales, and their unusual color makes them one of the most familiar and easily distinguishable of all the whales. 5 meters in length and weigh up to 1,600 kilograms; their bodies are sized between a dolphin and a regular-sized whale. Yes, beluga whales have knees! Belugas are members of the Cetacea order and are closely related to other whale species, such as narwhals and dolphins. Beluga Whales are the smallest species of whales. As many as 100 animals have been recorded as part of their habitat. The beluga whale is seen as a spiritual guide, a beacon of hope in the sea of life’s challenges. Suspended from the roof is a spectacular display of five skeletons, including a killer whale, a beluga whale and a bottlenose dolphin. Loading. A beluga whale that turned up in Norway wearing a harness in 2019, prompting speculation it was a spy trained by the Russian navy, has reappeared off Sweden’s coast. It will gradually become white over the next five years as it becomes an adult. Like polar bears, the beluga depends on sea ice for its existence and can be directly impacted by climate change. m. A friendly beluga whale that was first observed wearing a harness four years ago and is believed to be a Russian spy reappeared in Sweden this week, puzzling scientists. A beluga whale discovered off Norway's coast, wearing a harness that had an adapter for a GoPro camera, according to authorities. On its way to the arctic, the marine mammal went off. Belugas are extremely sociable mammals that live, hunt and migrate together in pods, ranging from a few individuals to hundreds of whales. Belugas are relatively small whales, growing to lengths ofClaim: A photograph shows seal hugging a beluga whale. However, these white whales are born dark gray. They are known for their vocal nature, which earned them the nickname of the canaries of the sea. The beluga has been nicknamed the “white whale” because, as an adult this whale, has a very distinct bright white color covering its entire body. The. Specifically, they inhabit the Arctic Ocean and its adjoining seas. O’Corry-Crowe’s team has just begun to reveal the power of genetic profiling in their research on whales in some of the most remote places in the world. Teeth are not replaced if lost. Unmistakable as adults, their color lightens to white, and they have. Capillary Electrophoresis Tools to Help Solve Planetary Problems. PARIS (AP) — Efforts to feed a dangerously thin Beluga whale that has strayed into the Seine River in France have failed so far and experts are now trying to get the whale out of the river lock where it is stuck, environmentalists said Monday. The Beluga Whale (Delphinapterus leucas) are one of the most popular and recognizable whales. Beluga Whale Knees – Why Are Their Knees So Unstoppable? | We Want Science In this article, I’ll talk about Beluga Whale Knee. Many people mistakenly believe that the large, white, round fat pads on the front of the beluga whale’s body are knees. It will gradually become white over the next five years as it becomes an adult. It’s like having a friend who nudges you gently towards the truth, encouraging a deeper understanding of oneself and the world around. The males measure to 11. It is one of two members of the family Monodontidae, along with the narwhal, and the only member of the genus Delphinapterus. This was the prefect time to whip out my. They grow to be three to four metres long, weighing anywhere from 250 to 1,000 kilograms. This free. While the size of the beluga population in Bristol Bay is approximately 2000 individuals and has been steady or increasing [35,36,37], the population of beluga whales in Cook Inlet, Alaska, declined severely in the 1990s, attributed to unrestricted hunting by Alaska Natives [38, 39]. The recent research and training was done by Murmansk Sea Biology Research Institute in northern Russia on behalf of the navy to see if beluga whales could be used to “guard entrances to naval. JEAN-FRANCOIS MONIER/AFP/Getty Efforts to feed the beluga have been. beluga whale (delphinapterus leucas), point defiance zoo. was 8 years old, his father decided it was about time he started learning to hunt beluga whales. Oral histories recall interactions between people and whales in tribal stories, carvings, specialised language and place names. Published 7:09 AM PDT, August 8, 2022. be·lu·ga / bəˈloōgə / • n. In general, Beluga whales reach an average of 4. Long ago, scientists and sailors gave beluga whales the nickname "sea canaries," due to the birdlike sounds these whales make. A Beluga whale, allegedly a Russian spy, has reappeared in Sweden after a four year absence. They are also known as peaceful animals. 2 The Start of a Beluga Kayaking Day. 9. The endangered Cook Inlet beluga whale population declined by nearly 80 percent between 1979 and 2018, from about 1,300 whales to an estimated 279 whales. 4. m. When the population failed to recover despite protection, NOAA Fisheries developed a comprehensive recovery plan. News; Washington; Beluga whale spotted in Puget Sound near Tacoma, Seattle Oct. Aug. Beluga whales live in frigid Arctic and sub-Arctic waters, but many migrate to warmer water in the summer. Browse 2,458 authentic beluga whale stock photos, high-res images, and pictures, or explore additional beluga whale wild or beluga whale ice stock images to find the right photo at the right size and resolution for your project. As they grow, males can reach up to three times this length (4. A beluga whale suspected of being an unknowing Russian spy is on the move, possibly in search of love. The whale was among five imported to Mystic. Age Of The Beluga Whale. Their distinctive color and prominent foreheads make them easily identifiable. During the ice-free months of summertime, about two-thirds of the world’s beluga whales—about 57,000 animals, migrate to the waters around Churchill Valley and Hudson Bay in Canada. Premature convergence and a disparity between exploitation and exploration are some of these. After nearly six. Beluga whales have a wide-ranging diet that encompasses items such as crabs, shrimp, squid, clams and octopus. The Cook Inlet beluga whale stock was estimated to number about 1,300 animals at the time the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) was enacted in 1972, but it declined sharply in the 1990s. Lucky for beluga whales, slow and steady wins the race!A beluga whale is spotted in Puget Sound in Tacoma this week. It is found primarily in the Caspian and Black Sea basins, and formerly in the Adriatic Sea. They also live in the regions of Alaska, Greenland, Canada, and Russia. 1 ft. "He is a male, that he. Since 19 July, 2019, he has been a "free-swimming" whale, according to the Norwegian Orca Survey, which ran the. Beluga Whales belong to the family Monodontidae and the genus Delphinapterus. 8 m) long and weigh 3,150 pounds (1. If you spot the beluga whale or have another whale sighting, call the NOAA Fisheries West Coast Marine Mammal Stranding Network at 1-866-767-6114 or Orca Network at 866-672-2638. . Officials say vets took the decision as the four. But a popular image of a surfacing beluga has for years created the curious illusion of a whale with legs and. (pl. Unlike most other whales, the beluga has a very flexible neck that enables it to nod and turn its head in. JEAN-FRANCOIS MONIER/AFP/Getty Efforts to feed the beluga have been. French officials hope that the whale can be nursed back to health and released in the ocean. This animal loves to live with friends are make love with them. They use echolocation to find breathing holes, communicate. A beluga whale found off Norway's coast wearing a special Russian harness was probably trained by the Russian navy, a Norwegian expert says. Jetta, a young female beluga, is lifted in a sling from the transport container Friday, May 14, 2021, as staff at Mystic Aquarium welcome five new beluga whales into the Arctic Coast Exhibit. Since 19 July, 2019, he has been a "free-swimming" whale, according to the Norwegian Orca Survey, which ran the. Little Grey and Little White are now being looked after at the world's first open water sanctuary for. 2. Domenic Biagini / Gone Whale Watching. 2. Beluga Whales are the smallest species of whales. Beluga Whales (which are also known as Bala whales in some areas) have relatively few blubber glands and very few gills, making them much less ‘green’ than the blue whale. The ghostly white whale was videoed and photographed coming up for. The body of this whale is bulky. The Distributed Biological Observatory (DBO) was established to detect environmental changes in the Pacific Arctic by regular monitoring of biophysical responses in each of 8 DBO regions. Try a Temporary Tattoo. The dark gray new arrival is 139 pounds and measures 5’3” in length. THE AQUARIUM, which ran for two seasons on Animal Planet and. , in the Yukon River) during the survey period. A yellowish tinge can sometimes be seen on adult belugas, caused by a layer of algae growing on their skin. Whales are the largest and old animals in the world. Male belugas can grow up to 5. Adult belugas weigh 450-1,500 kilograms. beluga meaning: 1. Lamya Essemlali. Beluga whales hunt together herding schools of fishes in to shallow water where they are easy to eat. 11 of the Loudest Animals on Earth. File picture. An ailing beluga whale that strayed into the River Seine died on Aug. Belugas grow to be about 15 feet (4. Source: University of Copenhagen. Published June 19, 2023. A beluga whale's body is fusiform, but robust and stocky. Beluga Whale. By Chantal Shaffer. Weight: up to 1,600kg, from 600kg for adults, males are about 25% larger than females. 9 Beguiling Facts About Belugas. A beluga whale spotted in the River Seine has French emergency services and environmental experts pondering rescue options. 99. Over 17 years (1983-1999), we have examined 129 (or 49%) of 263 SLE beluga carcasses reported stranded. Unlike other species of whales, the Beluga whale is unique in its lack of dorsal fin. Tuesday night’s revelation comes three weeks after a male. It has no dorsal fin and has a blunt head. These. 12 Exciting facts about the Beluga Whale! 1. She’s donated $100,000 of the Belugies NFT proceeds to beluga conservation efforts. Step 6: Grab the grill tongs. The good-natured grin of these dolphin relatives is matched only by their high-frequency sounds, from which they derive the nickname "sea canaries". Two of these beluga whales have since died. Threats to beluga whales. beluga whales singing and one that cant singWikimedia. A beluga whale that turned up in Norway wearing a harness in 2019, prompting speculation it was a spy trained by the Russian navy, has reappeared off Sweden’s coast. 4 - 1. Global population estimates range between 150,000 and 200,000 beluga whales, and the IUCN estimates. Browse Getty Images' premium collection of high-quality, authentic Beluga Whale stock photos, royalty-free images, and pictures. Beluga whales usually mate when the water is warmer, in March or April. Beluga whales are considered the smartest of all marine animals. 6 tons) Length: 9 - 16 ft (3 - 5 m) Diet: Wide variety of fishes, squid, octopus, and crustaceans; Status: Cook Inlet, Alaska stock endangered; Distribution:17 Jul, 2020. But we never saw. The beluga first popped up. 5 metres), and females can grow to around . Protecting its habitat and preventing the extinction of the whale is crucial. Thanks, I hate Beluga Whale knees : r/TIHI. Body Shape. Animals of this group don’t contain any knees. Food is not chewed and must be. Beluga whale stuck in French river to be moved Ad. The sick Beluga whale wandered in the mouth of the Seine by Le Havre last week, and started heading. Photo by Robyn Angliss. , San Diego, California 92109; Tickets: Starts at $54, offers group, military, senior discounts. It was seen in Elliott Bay and by Fox Island, the Bremerton shipyards, and the Port of Tacoma. Published 7:09 AM PDT, August 8, 2022. of food daily. New Delhi: An old video of a Beluga whale has gone viral and is doing the rounds over the Internet in which the whale can be seen trying to get a ball, which fell outside the tank. The beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas Pallas, 1776) is a member of the cetacean suborder Odontoceti (Flower, 1867), which means toothed whale. How long beluga whales actually live is a mystery to scientists. Here are some key reasons for their endangerment: Habitat Loss: Human activities such as coastal development, industrial projects, and pollution have led to the loss and degradation of the beluga whale's habitat. 1 ft. If the previous space whale tattoo didn’t make you fall in love with whales, this one has to! Take a look at a humpback tattoo from outer space! Done in clean black ink outlines, whale tattoo art will surely draw positive attention! Show off your creative self with this humpback whale tattoo!Naval sources from different countries have said that "beluga whales were far easier to train than dolphins," Béland said. 2. The absence of pigmentation in their skin helps them blend into their icy surroundings. Go to: 2. Beluga whales can live up to 50 years. The beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas) [100] is a member of whale living in the sea, famous for the pure white color of adults, earning the title “canary of the se a” by producing many. We hug that knee, then placing our hand behind us, bring our other elbow round to the outside of the knee, looking back over our shoulder). The beluga recovered, left Hammerfest harbour and started feeding independently. The beluga has been nicknamed the “white whale” because, as an adult this whale, has a very distinct bright white color covering its entire body. Read more The delicate transport was to be made using a refrigerated. General information about Beluga Whale in Alaska such as description, life history, range, habitat and more. Individuals can live 35-70 years. Published June 15, 2017. It signifies spiritual awakening, and the journey towards a more enlightened state. They will feed on fish and invertebrate prey. Also called white whale. During the winter, the bay is completely locked in by ice, making it. In adults, a dark pigment is often. The beluga is closely related to another unusual species of Arctic whale—the narwhal.